Illustrations formed by hand design, engraving, drawing, or computer that represent the majority of visual elements in the production of advertising and audiovisual artwork, all of which work toward the clear visual expression of the finished product.
In television, all visuals prepared for a production, including cameracards, slides, titles, lettering, illustrations, diagrams, electronically generated symbols and letters, and all pictures, maps, charts, and graphs. Virtually every television program makes some use of television graphics.
What is Multimedia?
CDs and DVDs are often considered to be "multimedia formats" since they can store a lot of data and most forms of multimedia require a lot of disk space.
Sometimes abbreviated as WP, a word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing documents. Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word processors have the ability of creating a document and making any changes anywhere in the document. This document can also be saved for modification at a later time or to be opened on any other computer using the same word processor.
Tip: A word processor should not be confused with a text editor such as Microsoft Notepad that only allows editing and creating plaintext documents.
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Microsoft Office Word - A full-featured word processing program for Windows and Mac from Microsoft. Available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite, Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format.
Lotus Word Pro - is word processor software produced by IBM's Lotus Software group for use on Microsoft Windows-compatible computers and on IBM OS/2 Warp. Word Pro can be obtained as part of the Lotus SmartSuite office suite.
WordPerfect -The program was originally developed under contract at Brigham Young University for use on a Data General minicomputer in 1979. The authors retained the rights to the program, forming Satellite Systems International (SSI) to sell it under the name WordPerfect in 1980. A port to DOS followed in 1982 and several greatly updated versions quickly followed. The application's feature list was considerably more advanced than contemporary DOS applications like WordStar, and it rapidly displaced most other systems, especially after the 4.2 release in 1986. By 1989's 5.1 release, WordPerfect had become a de-facto standard in the DOS market.
A Timeline of Database History.
Ancient Times: Human beings began to store information very long ago. In the ancient times, elaborate database systems were developed by government offices, libraries, hospitals, and business organizations, and some of the basic principles of these systems are still being used today.
1960s: Computerized database started in the 1960s, when the use of computers became a more cost-effective option for private organizations. There were two popular data models in this decade: a network model called CODASYL and a hierarchical model called IMS. One database system that proved to be a commercial success was the SABRE system that was used by IBM to help American Airlines manage its reservations data.
1970 to 1972: E.F. Codd published an important paper to propose the use of a relational database model, and his ideas changed the way people thought about databases. In his model, the database’s schema, or logical organization, is disconnected from physical information storage, and this became the standard principle for database systems.
1970s: Two major relational database system prototypes were created between the years 1974 and 1977, and they were the Ingres, which was developed at UBC, and System R, created at IBM San Jose. Ingres used a query language known as QUEL, and it led to the creation of systems such as Ingres Corp., MS SQL Server, Sybase, Wang’s PACE, and Britton-Lee. On the other hand, System R used the SEQUEL query language, and it contributed to the development of SQL/DS, DB2, Allbase, Oracle, and Non-Stop SQL. It was also in this decade that Relational Database Management System, or RDBMS, became a recognized term.
1976: A new database model called Entity-Relationship, or ER, was proposed by P. Chen this year. This model made it possible for designers to focus on data application, instead of logical table structure.
1980s: Structured Query Language, or SQL, became the standard query language.
Relational database systems became a commercial success as the rapid increase in computer sales boosted the database market, and this caused a major decline in the popularity of network and hierarchical database models. DB2 became the flagship database product for IBM, and the introduction of the IBM PC resulted in the establishments of many new database companies and the development of products such as PARADOX, RBASE 5000, RIM, Dbase III and IV, OS/2 Database Manager, and Watcom SQL.
Early 1990s: After a database industry shakeout, most of the surviving companies sold complex database products at high prices. Around this time, new client tools for application development were released, and these included the Oracle Developer, PowerBuilder, VB, and others. A number of tools for personal productivity, such as ODBC and Excel/Access, were also developed. Prototypes for Object Database Management Systems, or ODBMS, were created in the early 1990s.
Mid 1990s: The advent of the Internet led to exponential growth of the database industry. Average desktop users began to use client-server database systems to access computer systems that contained legacy data.
Late 1990s: Increased investment in online businesses resulted in a rise in demand for Internet database connectors, such as Front Page, Active Server Pages, Java Servelets, Dream Weaver, ColdFusion, Enterprise Java Beans, and Oracle Developer 2000. The use of cgi, gcc, MySQL, Apache, and other systems brought open source solution to the Internet. With the increased use of point-of-sale technology, online transaction processing and online analytic processing began to come of age.
2000s: Although the Internet industry experienced a decline in the early 2000s, database applications continue to grow. New interactive applications were developed for PDAs, point-of-sale transactions, and consolidation of vendors. Presently, the three leading database companies in the western world are Microsoft, IBM, and Oracle.
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Microsoft Access - is the database application from the Microsoft Office Suite of applications. It is a powerful personal database and data manipulation tool that is also widely used in many small businesses.
MySQL - pronounced either "My S-Q-L" or "My Sequel," is an open source relational database management system. It is based on the structure query language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information in the database. Standard SQL commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and UPDATE can be used with MySQL.
A Timeline of Spreadsheet History
1961 - Professor Richard Mattessich was the first to develop a computerized spreadsheet.
1978 - Robert Frankston & Dan Bricklin invented VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. It came out with the Apple II computer. VisiCalc did very well in its first year because it could run. On personal computers, could perform simple math formulas, and gave immediate results.
1980 - DIF formats were invented. Data was more portable and could be shared with other programs.
1980-83 - New versions of DIF, SuperCalc, and some other programs came out to the public.
1983 - Lotus 123 was introduced. It allowed people to chart information and identify cells. For example cell A1.
1985 - Lotus 123 number 2.
1987 - New spreadsheet programs such as Excel and Corel Quattro Pro were introduced. This allowed people to add graphics. They are different because they include graphic capabilities.
2001 - Spreadsheet programs in use today are Excel, Appleworks, and Corel Quattro Pro.
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Excel - Software developed and manufactured by Microsoft Corporation that allows users to organize, format, and calculate data with formulas using a spreadsheet system broken up by rows and columns. Microsoft Excel usually comes bundled with Microsoft Office and is compatible with other applications offered in the suite of products.
AppleWorks - An earlier integrated software package from Apple for the Mac and Windows. It was introduced in 1991 for the Mac as ClarisWorks (from Apple's Claris subsidiary) and included word processing, spreadsheet, database, drawing, painting and communications functions. Quite popular, a Windows version followed two years later.
Corel Quattro Pro - A Windows spreadsheet from Corel that provides advanced graphics and presentation capabilities, including goal seeking, 3D graphing and the ability to create multi-layered slide shows. It is optionally keystroke compatible with Lotus 1-2-3. Quattro Pro was originally developed by Borland, then purchased by Novell in 1994 and Corel in 1996. Quattro Pro was sold as a separate package (Corel Quattro Pro) for a while, but is now part of Corel's WordPerfect Office suites.
